The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.